Sunday, December 29, 2019
Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 1767 Words
In Jane Austen s Pride and Prejudice, letters are used to indicate a change in direction of the plot or to form narrative crisis points. Jane Austen successfully weaves her letters into the natural narrative of the dialogue and description. It is suggested that Jane Austen developed her epistolary mode of writing from many other 18th Century authors.The definition of the epistolary is Novel told through letters written by one or more of the characters. It presents an intimate view of the character s thoughts with no interference from the author and it conveys the shape of events to come with dramatic immediacy. In the 18th century letters were an important form of communication. In the novel characters such as Jane, Elizabeth andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In the letter he writes her after their meeting, he explains, ââ¬Å"You may possibly wonder why all this was not told you last night. But I was not then the master enough of myself to know what could or ought to be revealed.â⬠(pg. 137-138) Even though Darcyââ¬â¢s character is very stubborn and intolerant, he was threatened by her forceful nature, he felt as if he couldnââ¬â¢t confide in her. Perhaps he is intimidated more by his feelings towards her because he has never been so infatuated with a woman before. Nonetheless, his letter makes Elizabeth realize the prejudice that lies in herself, as well as her love for Darcy. The persuasion written by Elisabeth Lenckos address the fact that the narrative form of Pride and Prejudice supports the depiction of the development into maturity of both Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy as a result of their encounter. Although the novel is told predominantly from Elizabethââ¬â¢s point of view, the technique Austen employs allows the twin images of two intelligent, interesting partners to emerge who, the reader knows, are well matched because they are depicted as individuals with different, yet related complexities of thought and feeling. It adds to our fascination that we see Darcy mostly through Elizabeth Bennetââ¬â¢s less than perfect lens so that we share her initial dislike and perplexity as well as her eventual enlightenment.(Lenckos) Through this letter we are able to distinguish Elizabethââ¬â¢s character, she is a
Saturday, December 21, 2019
The Issue Of Marijuana Legalization Essay - 1527 Words
The issue of marijuana legalization has been a hot topic in recent times, but to understand first why it became illegal. Marijuana became illegal the first time shortly after the Mexican Revolution ended in 1910. After their revolution, many people from Mexico brought with them their customs their ideas and with them they brought their use of marijuana as a relaxant and medicine for many ailments. Even though, the use of cannabis was already prevalent in America at the time, the term ââ¬Å"marihuanaâ⬠was attached to it and with it led to the dirty outlook of it because of the significant influx of immigration to states like Texas and Louisiana was taking away jobs and other opportunities for Americans that were already here. This negative outlook of marijuana was an offshoot of the poor perception of the Mexican immigration. In effort to control and keep tabs on these new citizens, El Paso pulled a play from San Francisco s playbook which had outlawed opium decades earlier in effort to reduce Chinese immigration.(http://www.drugpolicy.org/blog/how-did-marijuana-become-illegal-first-place) The idea was to accuse search and deport Mexicans as a result of marijuana possession. Unfortunately, this way of controlling their customs and ways of life was extremely successful. This strategy became a national movement it became a way to control and monitor certain populations in check. Marijuana was consistently portrayed to cause minorities and people of color to become violent orShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana Essay1857 Words à |à 8 PagesLegalization of Marijuana The role that social policies have in the lives of every citizen cannot be understated, as the rules, regulations, and laws that govern our society provide the foundation off which our social welfare system operates. Over the past several decades, the social policy issue of the legalization of marijuana has gained substantial traction in the public eye, making it a priority topic to be addressed on the government agenda. With Colorado and Washington becoming the firstRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana1605 Words à |à 7 Pagesfamous scientists in the United States known as Carl Sagan. Marijuana has been one of the most debated topics in the media today, and numerous years before. Altogether, this debate has raised many questions, yet with very few answers of whether the legalization of marijuana should be passed, and expressed throughout the nation as a whole. The fight for legalizing marijuana has embraced itself to see success. The legalization of marijuana is essent ial in society today for three reasons: failed prohibitionRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana958 Words à |à 4 Pagesalcohol! The government knows whatââ¬â¢s good for us! You canââ¬â¢t overdose on marijuana! Public schools told me ââ¬Å"Be Healthy, donââ¬â¢t do drugs.â⬠Arguments such as these are always thrown back and forth when going into a controversial conversation dealing with legalization of marijuana. Many people are on both ends of the spectrum when dealing with the legalization some may personally be involved due to run-ins with the law, family related issues, or personal beliefs. In a study, it was concluded that ââ¬Å"more thanRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana886 Words à |à 4 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Many Americans struggle with the idea of legalizing marijuana.. Does legalizing marijuana, for medical purposes, help people suppress the symptoms of depression and anxiety? Research shows us many different ways that medical marijuana helps people who struggle with depression and anxiety. For depression, it suppresses their symptoms. It also lifts their moods. For anxiety it helps push away the worriness and the stress of things they cannot control. Many people are diagnosedRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana3672 Words à |à 15 Pagesââ¬â¹The reader will be informed on the conflict within the United States dealing with the possible legalization of marijuana. Steps have been taken over the years involving laws prohibiting marijuana as well as steps getting closer to legalization. This debate continues to be a large conflict amongst citizens and politicians that are for and against the legalization of marijuana throughout the United States. ââ¬â¹There are four key steps to the method of problem solving and negotiation that are explainedRead MoreThe Issue Of Marijuana Legalization1712 Words à |à 7 PagesThe matters of marijuana Marijuana is still illegal in the eyes of the federal government but the states claim it is, in fact, legal for the states to openly practice recreational and medicinal usage of the drug. Now with many people sick the only other option after numerous prescriptions that make the people sicker marijuana given its pain releasing properties seems to be the only thing we can count on. Marijuana first dated euphoric use dates back to 2737 BC. Its use spread from China to IndiaRead MoreThe Prevailing Issues For And Against Legalization Of Marijuana1409 Words à |à 6 PagesWhat are the prevailing issues for and against legalization of marijuana? Just because something is labelled as ââ¬Å"illegalâ⬠does not mean it is bad. Likewise, when something is labelled as ââ¬Å"legalâ⬠does not mean it is not bad. Throughout the progression of time, the Western outlook on Marijuana has changed drastically. A few decades ago, the idea of smoking Marijuana was perceived as a menace to the public and the discussion of legalizing Marijuana was greatly frowned upon. Particularly during the earlyRead MoreEthical Issues with Legalization of Marijuana Essay1349 Words à |à 6 Pages2011 Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America behind only alcohol and tobacco, and is estimated that nearly 80 million Americans use it at least one occasion. à According to government surveys, some 20 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 11 million do so regularly despite harsh laws against its use. Being used for medicinal purposes or simply for recreational, there are not only laws to consider when the topic of legalization comes upRead MoreA Blunt Reality: The Controversial Issue of Marijuana Legalization1153 Words à |à 5 Pagescontroversial issue of legalizing cannabis. Of course, several states have publicly legalized marijuana to the extent of medical use (with the exception of Colorado as it legalized both medical and recreational use). If something with a notoriously high capacity for abuse is forbidden but more and more exceptions are being made until everyone starts experimenting with it, weââ¬â¢ve got a prob lem on our hands. Although there are any number of reasons you can come with as to why marijuana should not beRead MoreShould Marijuana Legalization Be Legal?1532 Words à |à 7 PagesMarijuana Legalization Marijuana legalization is an issue that the United States is currently facing. Through all branches and aspects of government, the concept of marijuana legalization can be applied and understood. In order to better frame the policy issue, the policy should be viewed through different lenses and all aspects of government. In this essay, it will be shown how marijuana legalization truly incorporates all areas of government interest. First, the politics of marijuana legalization
Friday, December 13, 2019
Jetair Ltd. and Contemporary Companies and Securities Law Free Essays
Introduction In acting as advisors for the Pilotââ¬â¢s Association Australia and Airlines Union Australia, we seek to explore the legality of the various actions of the Jetair Ltd. ââ¬â¢s Board of Directors which ultimately lead to the hiring of a new staff body in New Zealand by JetairNZ Ltd at a lowered salary and the subsequent redundancy of Jetair Ltd. ââ¬â¢s Australian-based senior managers and pilots. We will write a custom essay sample on Jetair Ltd. and Contemporary Companies and Securities Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now The outcomes sought by the various employee associations seek for firstly, the imposition of the Australian-based wage of Jetair Ltd. s former senior managers and pilots upon the New Zealand-based staff of JetairNZ Ltd. The second outcome sought by the employee associations seeks for the retrenchment of the senior managers and pilots made redundant by Jetair Ltd. The third concern is with regards to ââ¬Ëexcessiveââ¬â¢ remuneration of Jetair Ltd. ââ¬â¢s board. In examining these concerns, there are a number of legal areas that must be examined: firstly the relationship between Jetair Ltd. and JetairNZ Ltd. s a related body corporate and the various duties owed to both companies by their Board of Directors; the duties owed by the Board of Directors to both companies and the body corporate as a whole and the possibility of conflict of interest; the duty of care owed by the Board of Directors to their employees and the company as a whole; and finally the exploration of the remu neration of Jetair Ltd. ââ¬â¢s Board of Directors as a reflection of the current financial situation of the company. The argument for and against the pursuit of legal action will be based solely upon relevant legislation and case law; therefore the conclusions drawn will be the recommendation for the employee associations in regards to the pursuit of legal action. Related Bodies Corporate ââ¬â Holding and Subsidiary Companies Given that conducting business with an Australian-based workforce operations, business proved to be cash-flow effective, but unprofitable ââ¬â Jetair Ltd. has sought to pursue a differentiated corporate structure. In order to achieve this, Jetair Ltd. stablished a subsidiary, JetairNZ, in order to gain advantages that were previously unavailable. Incentives for the formation of a subsidiary, foreign or local, are provided for through both the rule of separate entity and limited liability. In the case of Jetair Ltd. the rules listed above provide for the existence of JetairNZ as a separate legal entity (although also functioning as part of the body corporate) with all o f the same rights and obligations as any other registered company independent of its parent organization. The provision of limited liability as an individual company allows for the pursuit of extensive operations by the body corporate whilst remaining wary of liability in the case of insolvency of the subsidiary. Therefore, Jetair Ltd may be defined as the holding company whilst JetairNZ may be defined as a wholly-owned subsidiary. As the majority of the Board, three out of five directors, are controlled by Jetair Ltd. we can establish that the Board of Directors of JetairNZ is controlled by Jetair Ltd. From this we can assume that whilst JetairNZ enjoys the status of a separate entity and the overall corporate group is protected through the principle of limited liability; JetairNZ is in effect controlled by Jetair Ltd. Even though it is plausible to assume that Jetair Ltd. is in effect controlling the mind and will of JetairNZ the likelihood of piercing or lifting the corporate veil in order to determine without a doubt the timing, origin and motivation of JetairNZââ¬â¢s decision to employ new personnel in conjunction with Jetair Ltd. ââ¬â¢s decision to effect a mass lay-off is highly unlikely. Indeed a concise summation of this principle may be credited to Rogers J in Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) ââ¬ËEven the complete domination or control exercised by a parent over the subsidiary is not a sufficient basis for lifting the corporate veil ââ¬â¢1. Given precedence, the Courts would be unwilling to lift the corporate veil given the application of the entity doctrine by the High Court. An encompassing remark made in the case of Varangian Pty Ltd v OFM Capital Ltd [2003] by Dodds-Streeton, that may be relied upon in Jetair Ltd. s case is ââ¬ËThe underlying unity of economic purpose, common personnel, common membership and control have not been held to justify the lifting the corporate veilââ¬â¢2. 1Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549, 588 2 Varangian Pty Ltd v OFM Capital Ltd [2003] VSC 444 at [142] Interestingly, although the issue of redundancy payments is not being questioned by the employee associations ââ¬â the case of Stanboroug h v Woolworths Ltd [2005] NSEADT 203 at [44]3, which illustrates a disparity in redundancy payments within a corporate group, illustrates the further application of the doctrine of separate entity which may be applied to Jetair Ltd. and JetairNZ in terms of the variance of remuneration offered and the retrenchment of redundant staff. To argue that the same remuneration be offered to both previous Jetair Ltd. and new JetairNZ employees would prove to be futile given that although they exist within the same corporate group, Jetair Ltd. and JetairNZ are in the eyes of the law separate entities. JetairNZ Board of Directors ââ¬â Appointment Control In the formation of JetairNZ, the board of directors appointed by Jetair Ltd. consists of several representatives of Jetair Ltd. and two representatives from the airline industry in New Zealand. As a holding company, Jetair Ltd. is well within the law to appoint its own nominees to the Board of Directors of a subsidiary such as JetairNZ. In fact, this proves to be common practice, with the frequent alignment of interests amongst the company as a whole. Although there is an alignment of interests between both the holding company and subsidiary, in case there is any situation in which a conflict of interests arises the directors of a subsidiary such as JetairNZ are required to act in the best interests of the subsidiary, not the company as a whole. In this case, the appointees of Jetair Ltd. currently serving as directors for JetairNZ are obligated to act in the best interests of JetairNZ at all times, precedence is given in the case Walker v Wimbore (1976) 137 CLR 14. Given the question of the enforcement of the previous Australian-wage for all JetairNZ senior managers and pilots, this would have to be in the best interests of JetairNZ alone to be passed by the JetairNZ board. Given that maintaining employees based in New Zealand is relatively less expensive 3 Stanborough v Woolworths Ltd [2005] NSEADT 203 at [44] Walker v Wimbore (1976) 137 CLR 1 in terms of remuneration for JetairNZ, employing an inflated level of remuneration would not be in the best interests of JetairNZ. Should the Board of Directors pursue such an action, they would not be acting in the best interests of the company and they would be in breach of duty. Directorââ¬â¢s Duty of Care ââ¬â Company vs. Employees In examining the duty of care owed by the Board of Directors of Jetair Ltd. there exists an inequality of that which is owed to employees and to the company. The first priority of the directorsââ¬â¢ is to maximize the value of the company, in order to maximize the earnings of the shareholders in the short- and long-term. However, directors also owe a duty of care to their employees and other various stakeholders in the company ââ¬â often termed Corporate Social Responsibility. In the case of Jetair Ltd. and the potential action from employees and their relevant associations there exist arguments both for and against Jetair Ltd. ââ¬â¢s redundancy scheme. The arguments against Jetair Ltd. ââ¬â¢s action stem from the consideration for corporate social responsibility of companies ââ¬â specifically for their employees. However, an examination of CMAC Report ââ¬â The Social Responsibility of Corporations (2006)5 addresses many of the issues arising in the course of companies conducting business ââ¬â whereby various stakeholders in companies concerns are unaddressed or unsupported by current company law. Whilst the report allows for recognition of the conflicts between companies and various stakeholders it also considered the current company law to be sufficient in granting persons such as the directors of Jetair Ltd. the appropriate powers and obligations to take into account their corporate social responsibility. The report also concluded that any amendment to the Corporations Act 20016 was unsubstantiated. Whilst it is possible to cite 5 Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee (2006) The Social Responsibilities of Corporations 6 The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Corporate Social Responsibility as an argument for the retrenchment of the former senior managers and pilots of Jetair Ltd. , The Social Responsibility of Corporations (2006)7 has found that the consideration of stakeholders such as employees may prove to be detrimental to corporate decision-makers primary consideration ââ¬â the shareholders. There exists a significant argument against the sublimation of the interests of shareholders to pursue the interests of company employees. Simply put, directors of a company should not place the interests of employees before the interests of shareholders as is illustrated in Parke v Daily News Ltd [1962]; whereby we may assume that the fiduciary duties of the directors lie with the shareholders alone. The redundancy payments previously received by former employees are indeed a necessary compensation as they were incidental to Jetair Ltd. carrying on their business, having been a previously agreed contractual obligation. Redundancy payments may also be viewed as a facet of Corporate Social Responsibility, as they frequently appease the employee unions and ease the continuance of business. Jetair Ltd. differentiated their corporate structure, through the creation of a subsidiary and a shift in staffing location and remuneration, in order to achieve lowered operational costs ââ¬â thereby maximizing shareholderââ¬â¢s value. Jetair Ltd. also upon making the represented employees redundant paid all entitlements, and has not breached the Corporations Act 20019 regarding employee entitlements. From this we may reason that Jetair Ltd. has fulfilled their legal obligation to act in the best interests of the shareholders before their employees; and has also fulfilled their legal obligations regarding employee entitlements whilst also pursuing a measure of Corporate Social Responsibility through the provision of redundancy payments to facilitate their employment transition and ease tension with relevant employee associations. 7 Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee (2006) The Social Responsibilities of Corporations 8 Parke v Daily News Ltd [1962] Ch 927 Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Jetair Board of Directors Remuneration When addressing the issue of dissention of former employees and their associations with the level of remuneration of the board of directors of Jetair Ltd. , it is necessary to explain the procedures regarding directorââ¬â¢s remuneration to ascertain if there has been any illegal action. There are several key discussion points as follow: the company cons titution, the corporate governance principles, and lastly current opinion regarding high levels of directorââ¬â¢s remuneration. Firstly, a director is not permitted to receive any remuneration from their company unless approved by either the companyââ¬â¢s constitution (replaceable rules included) or the shareholders. If we assume that Jetair Ltd. ââ¬â¢s constitution provides for the ability of the board to decide their own remuneration; this, although in direct conflict with corporate governance, is not in fact illegal. The assignation of large bonuses in addition to the usual remuneration was awarded at the AGM in November 2011, and therefore was disclosed to shareholders and passed by a vote either by the shareholders or the board of directors. According to the Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations10, Jetair Ltd. must pursue a directorsââ¬â¢ remuneration policy of remunerating fairly ad responsibly. In order to prove any wrongdoing by the board of Jetair Ltd. the following must be proved: excessive remuneration leading to oppressive or unfair conduct leading to no/reduced shareholder dividends; deviation from company policies regarding the companyââ¬â¢s performance and its effect upon directorââ¬â¢s remuneration; or a lack of disclosure of the remuneration of each individual director. 0 ASX Corporate Governance Council(2010) Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations In recent years there has been a shift in public perceptions regarding level of executive and non-executive directorââ¬â¢s remuneration; largely due to the poor performance of many companies throughout the Global Financial Crisis. This has led to a strengthening of the framework relating company performance to directorââ¬â¢ s remuneration through the Corporations Amendment (Improving Accountability on Director and Executive Remuneration) Act 2011 (Cth)11. Pursuing action regarding the ââ¬Ëexcessiveââ¬â¢ remuneration or bonuses of the directors of Jetair Ltd. , in the case that any of the above was substantiated would lead to the return of the ââ¬Ëexcessiveââ¬â¢ remuneration to Jetair Ltd. The pursuit of such an action would prove to return value to the company, but would in no way assist in the retrenchment of former employees. Conclusion Recommendations To conclude it is not recommended for the Commercial Airlines Union and the Pilots Association to pursue legal action against either Jetair Ltd. r JetairNZ. This report has sought to outline any potential courses of action available to the employee associations representing the recently terminated Australian-based senior managers and pilots of Jetair Ltd. The arguments against pursuing legal action are based in case or legislative law; and provide legal reasoning for the actions of Jetair Ltd. Although the employees and their associations may at this time feel that the si tuation is unfair there exists, at this time, no apparent legal wrongdoing on the part of Jetair Ltd. n their establishment of a subsidiary company, termination of current employees, the imposition of a lesser wage for employees of JetairNZ or the recent award of large bonuses in addition to remuneration of the Board of Directors of Jetair Ltd. Word Count: 2,164 11 Corporations Amendment (Improving Accountability on Director and Executive Remuneration) Act 2011 (Cth) Sources Cited oASX Corporate Governance Council (2010), Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations oBriggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549, 588 oCorporations Act 2001 (Cth) Corporations Amendment (Improving Accountability on Director and Executive Remuneration) Act 2011 (Cth) oCorporations and Markets Advisory Committee (2006) The Social Responsibilities of Corporations oParke v Daily News Ltd [1962] Ch 927 oLipton, P. Herzberg,A. Welsch,Michelle (2012), ââ¬ËUnderstanding Company Lawââ¬â¢ (16th Edt. ), Corporate Education Services Pty Ltd. oStanborough v Woolworths Ltd [2005] NSEADT 203 at [44] oWalker v Wimbore (1976) 137 CLR 1 oVarangian Pty Ltd v OFM Capital Ltd [2003] VSC 444 at [142] How to cite Jetair Ltd. and Contemporary Companies and Securities Law, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Advance Diploma of Management
Question: Discuss about theAdvance Diploma of Management. Answer: Introduction Fast track courier service is a Sydney based company. The main aim of the report is to describe the changes that will have a positive impact on the morale of work force. The company is running at loss as it just has a five percent of the total market share. The organization has adopted many changes in past in order to improve its operation. The main aim of the organization is to capture the major market share so that it does to have to close down in future. It aims at reducing the wages and the cost of production and delivers the goods faster to its customer. The main treat of the courier service is from its competitors that are highly efficient. Formulation of efficient strategies is necessary for the organization in order to improve the operations. Part one: External threats: The main threat of the courier service company is from its competitors. The market share of the company is just five percent that is very less when compared to the other courier services. Delivery services face many dangers. It is essential for the firm to adapt technologies that is in trend. It is essential for the delivery service too have an IT department that is responsible for managing and tracking orders. The company also has threats in the form of late delivery and misplacement. If any product gets misplaced then the delivery service is in danger. Threat is from the change through which the company has to go. The pressure of work is also more. If Fastrack delivery services continue in the market with the same market share then the company will be in loss and will be forced to close down (Dey et al. 2015). Strategic goals for 2017: The main goal of the company is to expand its market share in Sydney from 5 percent to 7.5 percent in order to stay in business. The strategy of the company is to develop and employ machines that help in faster delivery of products and services. The firm plans to adopt technologies that lead to faster packaging and delivery of goods. This includes strengthening the use of GPS methods in order to help the drivers find the place of delivery. Another strategy is to motivate workforce to wok better so that the best ones are retained. Instead of using more of employees, the organization plans to use more of fast track trucks for delivering the product. The main strategy is to improve the productivity of the company. It also aims at managing the workforce and employing the techniques that will lead to faster delivery products. The techniques so employed should be such that the employees do get injured and work harder to increase the productivity of the firm (Jung et al. 2015). Tactical goals: Tactical goals describe the strategies adopted by the company to accomplish its goals and objectives. In order to reduce the delivery time the company plans to strengthen its GPRS system to help the drivers find the places of delivery easily. In order to reduce the work pressure the company also employed fast track trucks in its operations that would help the drivers pick up the delivery packets from the ground level. Use of fast track trucks increased the number of injuries due to which company plans to adopt modified trucks. The trucks that the organization plans will come with an innovation. The truck will have a lift gate at back of each truck to lift heavy and light packets. Each truck would have just one driver for operation of the entire service. This will also helps the company reduce the cost bringing the wages to truck ratio the same. Hence, the productivity is likely to increase using the tactics motioned. Issues: The main issue that the company faces is its inability to capture major market share. The other issue is low retention of workers, increase in rate of injuries, low productivity and increase pressure of work (Hayes 2014). The drivers are not satisfied working with the worker and increases the number or problems for the company by not delivering the product on time. The threat is from the trade unions of drivers that go on frequent strike that ultimately hampers the productivity of the organization. Stakeholders within organization: The stakeholders that will get affected from the change are the customers of fast track courier services, its employees and its shareholders. The stakeholders of the organization are the part of the organization. Customers, clients, employees and shareholders are the stakeholders of the organization because they are the part of the organization and contribute towards the organization in some way or the other. The change management primarily focuses on change in technology as the company plans to adopt new machines and technologies to reduce the cost of production and increase the productivity of the firm (Seuring and Gold 2013). Change in technology will helps the organization retention of workers and will motivate the employees as it reduces the work pressure. The organization plans to be more capital intensive and less labor intensive. Risk analysis Matrix: S. No Type of Risk Risk Analysis Likelihood of the Risk Impact of the Risk Solution 1 Late delivery of the product Reasons for late delivery are drivers lose their way while finding the place of delivery. Another reason can be late back attitude of the employees of the organization. Likely severe The risk of late delivery is very high and the solution that the company plans to adopt is switching its method from labor intensive to capital intensive. 2 Misplacement of product Irresponsible behavior of the employees and theft are some of the reasons for misplacement of the product Possible Minor Careful handling of the product by the employees helps in handling the product safe. (Source: McNeil et al. 2015) Part Three Kurt Lewins Change Model: Kurt Lewins change model emphasizes on the change of the human aspect. There are three stages of Lewin model that are unfreezing, change, and freezing. The unfreezing changes describe the changes of the world and the factors that encourage people to adopt change. The first stage is related to preparing people to adopt the change. In case of courier service the employees should prepare themselves to adopt the new fast track trucks as it is a new technology for them. The employees also have to get ready to use the GPRS technique. The second stage is change or transition (Burnes and Cooke 2013). Change is a process rather than an event according to Lewin. This is the most uncertain stage as people or organization is not aware of the results or consequences of the change. Support is needed to adopt the change and it can be in the form of training and development. The managers of the organization cannot predict what the consequences of change would be. Hence, it is the most uncertain stag e. The third stage is freezing stage where the main purpose is to create stability once the changes have been made. The last stage is time consuming, as change is not easy to accept. It is a very time consuming purpose. Part four: Communication: Communication is one of the most important tools that every organization should be efficient in. communication helps in better transfer of knowledge and reduces misunderstanding at work place as well. Fastrack courier services can improve communication by providing proper training to the employees. Communication will helps the stakeholders aware of the change the organization plans to adopt. Employees will be able to use to the technique efficiently. Effective communication will also help in faster delivery of products (Broadbent 2013). Communication needs to be strong between the customers, the management team and the employees. Adoption of change will help the employees and its stakeholders aware of the changes that are being bought. Part five: Stakeholders Stakeholder is people that are attached to the organization and contribute in some way or the other for the benefit of the organization. Stakeholders can be customers, clients, either shareholders or employees. The employees of the Fastrack courier service will be most affected from the change as the way of working will change. The firm is planning to be more of capital intensive than labor intensive. This will lead to a fall in wage that will directly impact the employees. The employees also need to prepare themselves for the new technologies that the organization is planning to adopt. This can be achieved by providing proper training and development. Part Six: Effectiveness and measurement of change Changes are measured by measuring the performance of the organization. It will be measured by looking into the market share that the organization recently holds. The changes will also be measure by looking into the turnover rate, the number of absenteeism of the employees, the income of the firm and the profit that the firm has generated over the past six months. The success and failure depends on the feedback of employees as well as customers (Benn et al. 2014.) If customers are happy with the service then the change is said to have a positive impact. Result also depends on the feedback of employees. If the employees are happy working with the organization then the change is said to have a positive impact. The main aim of the change is to increase productivity and profit and to reduce the pressure on employee by adopting new form of technologies. Conclusion Change in organization is necessary. It is essential for the organization to handle these changes efficiently in order to create a positive impact. Effective communication is necessary to handle the business efficiently. Fastrack courier service needs lot of improvement as the market share of company is low compared to its competitors. The organization faces various risks such as late delivery and misplacement of the product. References Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Broadbent, D.E., 2013.Perception and communication. Elsevier. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ZCOLBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Broadbent,+D.E.,+2013.+Perception+and+communication.+Elsevier.ots=sGOqj5lHENsig=MqQw-x7-wWvXXfFfWTsdzZxGgnU#v=onepageq=Broadbent%2C%20D.E.%2C%202013.%20Perception%20and%20communication.%20Elsevier.f=false Burnes, B. and Cooke, B., 2013. Kurt Lewin's Field Theory: A Review and Reà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã evaluation.International journal of management reviews,15(4), pp.408-425. Dey, P., Bose, A. and Hajare, S., 2015. ERP IMPLEMENTATION IN COURIER INDUSTRY. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Jung, K., Morris, K.C., Lyons, K.W., Leong, S. and Cho, H., 2015. Mapping strategic goals and operational performance metrics for smart manufacturing systems.Procedia Computer Science,44, pp.184-193. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Seuring, S. and Gold, S., 2013. Sustainability management beyond corporate boundaries: from stakeholders to performance.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, pp.1-6.
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