Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 1767 Words

In Jane Austen s Pride and Prejudice, letters are used to indicate a change in direction of the plot or to form narrative crisis points. Jane Austen successfully weaves her letters into the natural narrative of the dialogue and description. It is suggested that Jane Austen developed her epistolary mode of writing from many other 18th Century authors.The definition of the epistolary is Novel told through letters written by one or more of the characters. It presents an intimate view of the character s thoughts with no interference from the author and it conveys the shape of events to come with dramatic immediacy. In the 18th century letters were an important form of communication. In the novel characters such as Jane, Elizabeth and†¦show more content†¦In the letter he writes her after their meeting, he explains, â€Å"You may possibly wonder why all this was not told you last night. But I was not then the master enough of myself to know what could or ought to be revealed.† (pg. 137-138) Even though Darcy’s character is very stubborn and intolerant, he was threatened by her forceful nature, he felt as if he couldn’t confide in her. Perhaps he is intimidated more by his feelings towards her because he has never been so infatuated with a woman before. Nonetheless, his letter makes Elizabeth realize the prejudice that lies in herself, as well as her love for Darcy. The persuasion written by Elisabeth Lenckos address the fact that the narrative form of Pride and Prejudice supports the depiction of the development into maturity of both Elizabeth Bennet and Darcy as a result of their encounter. Although the novel is told predominantly from Elizabeth’s point of view, the technique Austen employs allows the twin images of two intelligent, interesting partners to emerge who, the reader knows, are well matched because they are depicted as individuals with different, yet related complexities of thought and feeling. It adds to our fascination that we see Darcy mostly through Elizabeth Bennet’s less than perfect lens so that we share her initial dislike and perplexity as well as her eventual enlightenment.(Lenckos) Through this letter we are able to distinguish Elizabeth’s character, she is a

The Issue Of Marijuana Legalization Essay - 1527 Words

The issue of marijuana legalization has been a hot topic in recent times, but to understand first why it became illegal. Marijuana became illegal the first time shortly after the Mexican Revolution ended in 1910. After their revolution, many people from Mexico brought with them their customs their ideas and with them they brought their use of marijuana as a relaxant and medicine for many ailments. Even though, the use of cannabis was already prevalent in America at the time, the term â€Å"marihuana† was attached to it and with it led to the dirty outlook of it because of the significant influx of immigration to states like Texas and Louisiana was taking away jobs and other opportunities for Americans that were already here. This negative outlook of marijuana was an offshoot of the poor perception of the Mexican immigration. In effort to control and keep tabs on these new citizens, El Paso pulled a play from San Francisco s playbook which had outlawed opium decades earlier in effort to reduce Chinese immigration.(http://www.drugpolicy.org/blog/how-did-marijuana-become-illegal-first-place) The idea was to accuse search and deport Mexicans as a result of marijuana possession. Unfortunately, this way of controlling their customs and ways of life was extremely successful. This strategy became a national movement it became a way to control and monitor certain populations in check. Marijuana was consistently portrayed to cause minorities and people of color to become violent orShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesLegalization of Marijuana The role that social policies have in the lives of every citizen cannot be understated, as the rules, regulations, and laws that govern our society provide the foundation off which our social welfare system operates. Over the past several decades, the social policy issue of the legalization of marijuana has gained substantial traction in the public eye, making it a priority topic to be addressed on the government agenda. With Colorado and Washington becoming the firstRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana1605 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous scientists in the United States known as Carl Sagan. Marijuana has been one of the most debated topics in the media today, and numerous years before. Altogether, this debate has raised many questions, yet with very few answers of whether the legalization of marijuana should be passed, and expressed throughout the nation as a whole. The fight for legalizing marijuana has embraced itself to see success. The legalization of marijuana is essent ial in society today for three reasons: failed prohibitionRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana958 Words   |  4 Pagesalcohol! The government knows what’s good for us! You can’t overdose on marijuana! Public schools told me â€Å"Be Healthy, don’t do drugs.† Arguments such as these are always thrown back and forth when going into a controversial conversation dealing with legalization of marijuana. Many people are on both ends of the spectrum when dealing with the legalization some may personally be involved due to run-ins with the law, family related issues, or personal beliefs. In a study, it was concluded that â€Å"more thanRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana886 Words   |  4 PagesLegalization of Marijuana Many Americans struggle with the idea of legalizing marijuana.. Does legalizing marijuana, for medical purposes, help people suppress the symptoms of depression and anxiety? Research shows us many different ways that medical marijuana helps people who struggle with depression and anxiety. For depression, it suppresses their symptoms. It also lifts their moods. For anxiety it helps push away the worriness and the stress of things they cannot control. Many people are diagnosedRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana3672 Words   |  15 Pages​The reader will be informed on the conflict within the United States dealing with the possible legalization of marijuana. Steps have been taken over the years involving laws prohibiting marijuana as well as steps getting closer to legalization. This debate continues to be a large conflict amongst citizens and politicians that are for and against the legalization of marijuana throughout the United States. ​There are four key steps to the method of problem solving and negotiation that are explainedRead MoreThe Issue Of Marijuana Legalization1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe matters of marijuana Marijuana is still illegal in the eyes of the federal government but the states claim it is, in fact, legal for the states to openly practice recreational and medicinal usage of the drug. Now with many people sick the only other option after numerous prescriptions that make the people sicker marijuana given its pain releasing properties seems to be the only thing we can count on. Marijuana first dated euphoric use dates back to 2737 BC. Its use spread from China to IndiaRead MoreThe Prevailing Issues For And Against Legalization Of Marijuana1409 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the prevailing issues for and against legalization of marijuana? Just because something is labelled as â€Å"illegal† does not mean it is bad. Likewise, when something is labelled as â€Å"legal† does not mean it is not bad. Throughout the progression of time, the Western outlook on Marijuana has changed drastically. A few decades ago, the idea of smoking Marijuana was perceived as a menace to the public and the discussion of legalizing Marijuana was greatly frowned upon. Particularly during the earlyRead MoreEthical Issues with Legalization of Marijuana Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages2011 Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America behind only alcohol and tobacco, and is estimated that nearly 80 million Americans use it at least one occasion.    According to government surveys, some 20 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 11 million do so regularly despite harsh laws against its use. Being used for medicinal purposes or simply for recreational, there are not only laws to consider when the topic of legalization comes upRead MoreA Blunt Reality: The Controversial Issue of Marijuana Legalization1153 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial issue of legalizing cannabis. Of course, several states have publicly legalized marijuana to the extent of medical use (with the exception of Colorado as it legalized both medical and recreational use). If something with a notoriously high capacity for abuse is forbidden but more and more exceptions are being made until everyone starts experimenting with it, we’ve got a prob lem on our hands. Although there are any number of reasons you can come with as to why marijuana should not beRead MoreShould Marijuana Legalization Be Legal?1532 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana Legalization Marijuana legalization is an issue that the United States is currently facing. Through all branches and aspects of government, the concept of marijuana legalization can be applied and understood. In order to better frame the policy issue, the policy should be viewed through different lenses and all aspects of government. In this essay, it will be shown how marijuana legalization truly incorporates all areas of government interest. First, the politics of marijuana legalization

Jetair Ltd. and Contemporary Companies and Securities Law Free Essays

Introduction In acting as advisors for the Pilot’s Association Australia and Airlines Union Australia, we seek to explore the legality of the various actions of the Jetair Ltd. ’s Board of Directors which ultimately lead to the hiring of a new staff body in New Zealand by JetairNZ Ltd at a lowered salary and the subsequent redundancy of Jetair Ltd. ’s Australian-based senior managers and pilots. We will write a custom essay sample on Jetair Ltd. and Contemporary Companies and Securities Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now The outcomes sought by the various employee associations seek for firstly, the imposition of the Australian-based wage of Jetair Ltd. s former senior managers and pilots upon the New Zealand-based staff of JetairNZ Ltd. The second outcome sought by the employee associations seeks for the retrenchment of the senior managers and pilots made redundant by Jetair Ltd. The third concern is with regards to ‘excessive’ remuneration of Jetair Ltd. ’s board. In examining these concerns, there are a number of legal areas that must be examined: firstly the relationship between Jetair Ltd. and JetairNZ Ltd. s a related body corporate and the various duties owed to both companies by their Board of Directors; the duties owed by the Board of Directors to both companies and the body corporate as a whole and the possibility of conflict of interest; the duty of care owed by the Board of Directors to their employees and the company as a whole; and finally the exploration of the remu neration of Jetair Ltd. ’s Board of Directors as a reflection of the current financial situation of the company. The argument for and against the pursuit of legal action will be based solely upon relevant legislation and case law; therefore the conclusions drawn will be the recommendation for the employee associations in regards to the pursuit of legal action. Related Bodies Corporate – Holding and Subsidiary Companies Given that conducting business with an Australian-based workforce operations, business proved to be cash-flow effective, but unprofitable – Jetair Ltd. has sought to pursue a differentiated corporate structure. In order to achieve this, Jetair Ltd. stablished a subsidiary, JetairNZ, in order to gain advantages that were previously unavailable. Incentives for the formation of a subsidiary, foreign or local, are provided for through both the rule of separate entity and limited liability. In the case of Jetair Ltd. the rules listed above provide for the existence of JetairNZ as a separate legal entity (although also functioning as part of the body corporate) with all o f the same rights and obligations as any other registered company independent of its parent organization. The provision of limited liability as an individual company allows for the pursuit of extensive operations by the body corporate whilst remaining wary of liability in the case of insolvency of the subsidiary. Therefore, Jetair Ltd may be defined as the holding company whilst JetairNZ may be defined as a wholly-owned subsidiary. As the majority of the Board, three out of five directors, are controlled by Jetair Ltd. we can establish that the Board of Directors of JetairNZ is controlled by Jetair Ltd. From this we can assume that whilst JetairNZ enjoys the status of a separate entity and the overall corporate group is protected through the principle of limited liability; JetairNZ is in effect controlled by Jetair Ltd. Even though it is plausible to assume that Jetair Ltd. is in effect controlling the mind and will of JetairNZ the likelihood of piercing or lifting the corporate veil in order to determine without a doubt the timing, origin and motivation of JetairNZ’s decision to employ new personnel in conjunction with Jetair Ltd. ’s decision to effect a mass lay-off is highly unlikely. Indeed a concise summation of this principle may be credited to Rogers J in Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) ‘Even the complete domination or control exercised by a parent over the subsidiary is not a sufficient basis for lifting the corporate veil ’1. Given precedence, the Courts would be unwilling to lift the corporate veil given the application of the entity doctrine by the High Court. An encompassing remark made in the case of Varangian Pty Ltd v OFM Capital Ltd [2003] by Dodds-Streeton, that may be relied upon in Jetair Ltd. s case is ‘The underlying unity of economic purpose, common personnel, common membership and control have not been held to justify the lifting the corporate veil’2. 1Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549, 588 2 Varangian Pty Ltd v OFM Capital Ltd [2003] VSC 444 at [142] Interestingly, although the issue of redundancy payments is not being questioned by the employee associations – the case of Stanboroug h v Woolworths Ltd [2005] NSEADT 203 at [44]3, which illustrates a disparity in redundancy payments within a corporate group, illustrates the further application of the doctrine of separate entity which may be applied to Jetair Ltd. and JetairNZ in terms of the variance of remuneration offered and the retrenchment of redundant staff. To argue that the same remuneration be offered to both previous Jetair Ltd. and new JetairNZ employees would prove to be futile given that although they exist within the same corporate group, Jetair Ltd. and JetairNZ are in the eyes of the law separate entities. JetairNZ Board of Directors – Appointment Control In the formation of JetairNZ, the board of directors appointed by Jetair Ltd. consists of several representatives of Jetair Ltd. and two representatives from the airline industry in New Zealand. As a holding company, Jetair Ltd. is well within the law to appoint its own nominees to the Board of Directors of a subsidiary such as JetairNZ. In fact, this proves to be common practice, with the frequent alignment of interests amongst the company as a whole. Although there is an alignment of interests between both the holding company and subsidiary, in case there is any situation in which a conflict of interests arises the directors of a subsidiary such as JetairNZ are required to act in the best interests of the subsidiary, not the company as a whole. In this case, the appointees of Jetair Ltd. currently serving as directors for JetairNZ are obligated to act in the best interests of JetairNZ at all times, precedence is given in the case Walker v Wimbore (1976) 137 CLR 14. Given the question of the enforcement of the previous Australian-wage for all JetairNZ senior managers and pilots, this would have to be in the best interests of JetairNZ alone to be passed by the JetairNZ board. Given that maintaining employees based in New Zealand is relatively less expensive 3 Stanborough v Woolworths Ltd [2005] NSEADT 203 at [44] Walker v Wimbore (1976) 137 CLR 1 in terms of remuneration for JetairNZ, employing an inflated level of remuneration would not be in the best interests of JetairNZ. Should the Board of Directors pursue such an action, they would not be acting in the best interests of the company and they would be in breach of duty. Director’s Duty of Care – Company vs. Employees In examining the duty of care owed by the Board of Directors of Jetair Ltd. there exists an inequality of that which is owed to employees and to the company. The first priority of the directors’ is to maximize the value of the company, in order to maximize the earnings of the shareholders in the short- and long-term. However, directors also owe a duty of care to their employees and other various stakeholders in the company – often termed Corporate Social Responsibility. In the case of Jetair Ltd. and the potential action from employees and their relevant associations there exist arguments both for and against Jetair Ltd. ’s redundancy scheme. The arguments against Jetair Ltd. ’s action stem from the consideration for corporate social responsibility of companies – specifically for their employees. However, an examination of CMAC Report – The Social Responsibility of Corporations (2006)5 addresses many of the issues arising in the course of companies conducting business – whereby various stakeholders in companies concerns are unaddressed or unsupported by current company law. Whilst the report allows for recognition of the conflicts between companies and various stakeholders it also considered the current company law to be sufficient in granting persons such as the directors of Jetair Ltd. the appropriate powers and obligations to take into account their corporate social responsibility. The report also concluded that any amendment to the Corporations Act 20016 was unsubstantiated. Whilst it is possible to cite 5 Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee (2006) The Social Responsibilities of Corporations 6 The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Corporate Social Responsibility as an argument for the retrenchment of the former senior managers and pilots of Jetair Ltd. , The Social Responsibility of Corporations (2006)7 has found that the consideration of stakeholders such as employees may prove to be detrimental to corporate decision-makers primary consideration – the shareholders. There exists a significant argument against the sublimation of the interests of shareholders to pursue the interests of company employees. Simply put, directors of a company should not place the interests of employees before the interests of shareholders as is illustrated in Parke v Daily News Ltd [1962]; whereby we may assume that the fiduciary duties of the directors lie with the shareholders alone. The redundancy payments previously received by former employees are indeed a necessary compensation as they were incidental to Jetair Ltd. carrying on their business, having been a previously agreed contractual obligation. Redundancy payments may also be viewed as a facet of Corporate Social Responsibility, as they frequently appease the employee unions and ease the continuance of business. Jetair Ltd. differentiated their corporate structure, through the creation of a subsidiary and a shift in staffing location and remuneration, in order to achieve lowered operational costs – thereby maximizing shareholder’s value. Jetair Ltd. also upon making the represented employees redundant paid all entitlements, and has not breached the Corporations Act 20019 regarding employee entitlements. From this we may reason that Jetair Ltd. has fulfilled their legal obligation to act in the best interests of the shareholders before their employees; and has also fulfilled their legal obligations regarding employee entitlements whilst also pursuing a measure of Corporate Social Responsibility through the provision of redundancy payments to facilitate their employment transition and ease tension with relevant employee associations. 7 Corporations and Markets Advisory Committee (2006) The Social Responsibilities of Corporations 8 Parke v Daily News Ltd [1962] Ch 927 Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Jetair Board of Directors Remuneration When addressing the issue of dissention of former employees and their associations with the level of remuneration of the board of directors of Jetair Ltd. , it is necessary to explain the procedures regarding director’s remuneration to ascertain if there has been any illegal action. There are several key discussion points as follow: the company cons titution, the corporate governance principles, and lastly current opinion regarding high levels of director’s remuneration. Firstly, a director is not permitted to receive any remuneration from their company unless approved by either the company’s constitution (replaceable rules included) or the shareholders. If we assume that Jetair Ltd. ’s constitution provides for the ability of the board to decide their own remuneration; this, although in direct conflict with corporate governance, is not in fact illegal. The assignation of large bonuses in addition to the usual remuneration was awarded at the AGM in November 2011, and therefore was disclosed to shareholders and passed by a vote either by the shareholders or the board of directors. According to the Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations10, Jetair Ltd. must pursue a directors’ remuneration policy of remunerating fairly ad responsibly. In order to prove any wrongdoing by the board of Jetair Ltd. the following must be proved: excessive remuneration leading to oppressive or unfair conduct leading to no/reduced shareholder dividends; deviation from company policies regarding the company’s performance and its effect upon director’s remuneration; or a lack of disclosure of the remuneration of each individual director. 0 ASX Corporate Governance Council(2010) Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations In recent years there has been a shift in public perceptions regarding level of executive and non-executive director’s remuneration; largely due to the poor performance of many companies throughout the Global Financial Crisis. This has led to a strengthening of the framework relating company performance to director’ s remuneration through the Corporations Amendment (Improving Accountability on Director and Executive Remuneration) Act 2011 (Cth)11. Pursuing action regarding the ‘excessive’ remuneration or bonuses of the directors of Jetair Ltd. , in the case that any of the above was substantiated would lead to the return of the ‘excessive’ remuneration to Jetair Ltd. The pursuit of such an action would prove to return value to the company, but would in no way assist in the retrenchment of former employees. Conclusion Recommendations To conclude it is not recommended for the Commercial Airlines Union and the Pilots Association to pursue legal action against either Jetair Ltd. r JetairNZ. This report has sought to outline any potential courses of action available to the employee associations representing the recently terminated Australian-based senior managers and pilots of Jetair Ltd. The arguments against pursuing legal action are based in case or legislative law; and provide legal reasoning for the actions of Jetair Ltd. Although the employees and their associations may at this time feel that the si tuation is unfair there exists, at this time, no apparent legal wrongdoing on the part of Jetair Ltd. n their establishment of a subsidiary company, termination of current employees, the imposition of a lesser wage for employees of JetairNZ or the recent award of large bonuses in addition to remuneration of the Board of Directors of Jetair Ltd. Word Count: 2,164 11 Corporations Amendment (Improving Accountability on Director and Executive Remuneration) Act 2011 (Cth) Sources Cited oASX Corporate Governance Council (2010), Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations oBriggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549, 588 oCorporations Act 2001 (Cth) Corporations Amendment (Improving Accountability on Director and Executive Remuneration) Act 2011 (Cth) oCorporations and Markets Advisory Committee (2006) The Social Responsibilities of Corporations oParke v Daily News Ltd [1962] Ch 927 oLipton, P. Herzberg,A. Welsch,Michelle (2012), ‘Understanding Company Law’ (16th Edt. ), Corporate Education Services Pty Ltd. oStanborough v Woolworths Ltd [2005] NSEADT 203 at [44] oWalker v Wimbore (1976) 137 CLR 1 oVarangian Pty Ltd v OFM Capital Ltd [2003] VSC 444 at [142] How to cite Jetair Ltd. and Contemporary Companies and Securities Law, Essay examples

Advance Diploma of Management

Question: Discuss about theAdvance Diploma of Management. Answer: Introduction Fast track courier service is a Sydney based company. The main aim of the report is to describe the changes that will have a positive impact on the morale of work force. The company is running at loss as it just has a five percent of the total market share. The organization has adopted many changes in past in order to improve its operation. The main aim of the organization is to capture the major market share so that it does to have to close down in future. It aims at reducing the wages and the cost of production and delivers the goods faster to its customer. The main treat of the courier service is from its competitors that are highly efficient. Formulation of efficient strategies is necessary for the organization in order to improve the operations. Part one: External threats: The main threat of the courier service company is from its competitors. The market share of the company is just five percent that is very less when compared to the other courier services. Delivery services face many dangers. It is essential for the firm to adapt technologies that is in trend. It is essential for the delivery service too have an IT department that is responsible for managing and tracking orders. The company also has threats in the form of late delivery and misplacement. If any product gets misplaced then the delivery service is in danger. Threat is from the change through which the company has to go. The pressure of work is also more. If Fastrack delivery services continue in the market with the same market share then the company will be in loss and will be forced to close down (Dey et al. 2015). Strategic goals for 2017: The main goal of the company is to expand its market share in Sydney from 5 percent to 7.5 percent in order to stay in business. The strategy of the company is to develop and employ machines that help in faster delivery of products and services. The firm plans to adopt technologies that lead to faster packaging and delivery of goods. This includes strengthening the use of GPS methods in order to help the drivers find the place of delivery. Another strategy is to motivate workforce to wok better so that the best ones are retained. Instead of using more of employees, the organization plans to use more of fast track trucks for delivering the product. The main strategy is to improve the productivity of the company. It also aims at managing the workforce and employing the techniques that will lead to faster delivery products. The techniques so employed should be such that the employees do get injured and work harder to increase the productivity of the firm (Jung et al. 2015). Tactical goals: Tactical goals describe the strategies adopted by the company to accomplish its goals and objectives. In order to reduce the delivery time the company plans to strengthen its GPRS system to help the drivers find the places of delivery easily. In order to reduce the work pressure the company also employed fast track trucks in its operations that would help the drivers pick up the delivery packets from the ground level. Use of fast track trucks increased the number of injuries due to which company plans to adopt modified trucks. The trucks that the organization plans will come with an innovation. The truck will have a lift gate at back of each truck to lift heavy and light packets. Each truck would have just one driver for operation of the entire service. This will also helps the company reduce the cost bringing the wages to truck ratio the same. Hence, the productivity is likely to increase using the tactics motioned. Issues: The main issue that the company faces is its inability to capture major market share. The other issue is low retention of workers, increase in rate of injuries, low productivity and increase pressure of work (Hayes 2014). The drivers are not satisfied working with the worker and increases the number or problems for the company by not delivering the product on time. The threat is from the trade unions of drivers that go on frequent strike that ultimately hampers the productivity of the organization. Stakeholders within organization: The stakeholders that will get affected from the change are the customers of fast track courier services, its employees and its shareholders. The stakeholders of the organization are the part of the organization. Customers, clients, employees and shareholders are the stakeholders of the organization because they are the part of the organization and contribute towards the organization in some way or the other. The change management primarily focuses on change in technology as the company plans to adopt new machines and technologies to reduce the cost of production and increase the productivity of the firm (Seuring and Gold 2013). Change in technology will helps the organization retention of workers and will motivate the employees as it reduces the work pressure. The organization plans to be more capital intensive and less labor intensive. Risk analysis Matrix: S. No Type of Risk Risk Analysis Likelihood of the Risk Impact of the Risk Solution 1 Late delivery of the product Reasons for late delivery are drivers lose their way while finding the place of delivery. Another reason can be late back attitude of the employees of the organization. Likely severe The risk of late delivery is very high and the solution that the company plans to adopt is switching its method from labor intensive to capital intensive. 2 Misplacement of product Irresponsible behavior of the employees and theft are some of the reasons for misplacement of the product Possible Minor Careful handling of the product by the employees helps in handling the product safe. (Source: McNeil et al. 2015) Part Three Kurt Lewins Change Model: Kurt Lewins change model emphasizes on the change of the human aspect. There are three stages of Lewin model that are unfreezing, change, and freezing. The unfreezing changes describe the changes of the world and the factors that encourage people to adopt change. The first stage is related to preparing people to adopt the change. In case of courier service the employees should prepare themselves to adopt the new fast track trucks as it is a new technology for them. The employees also have to get ready to use the GPRS technique. The second stage is change or transition (Burnes and Cooke 2013). Change is a process rather than an event according to Lewin. This is the most uncertain stage as people or organization is not aware of the results or consequences of the change. Support is needed to adopt the change and it can be in the form of training and development. The managers of the organization cannot predict what the consequences of change would be. Hence, it is the most uncertain stag e. The third stage is freezing stage where the main purpose is to create stability once the changes have been made. The last stage is time consuming, as change is not easy to accept. It is a very time consuming purpose. Part four: Communication: Communication is one of the most important tools that every organization should be efficient in. communication helps in better transfer of knowledge and reduces misunderstanding at work place as well. Fastrack courier services can improve communication by providing proper training to the employees. Communication will helps the stakeholders aware of the change the organization plans to adopt. Employees will be able to use to the technique efficiently. Effective communication will also help in faster delivery of products (Broadbent 2013). Communication needs to be strong between the customers, the management team and the employees. Adoption of change will help the employees and its stakeholders aware of the changes that are being bought. Part five: Stakeholders Stakeholder is people that are attached to the organization and contribute in some way or the other for the benefit of the organization. Stakeholders can be customers, clients, either shareholders or employees. The employees of the Fastrack courier service will be most affected from the change as the way of working will change. The firm is planning to be more of capital intensive than labor intensive. This will lead to a fall in wage that will directly impact the employees. The employees also need to prepare themselves for the new technologies that the organization is planning to adopt. This can be achieved by providing proper training and development. Part Six: Effectiveness and measurement of change Changes are measured by measuring the performance of the organization. It will be measured by looking into the market share that the organization recently holds. The changes will also be measure by looking into the turnover rate, the number of absenteeism of the employees, the income of the firm and the profit that the firm has generated over the past six months. The success and failure depends on the feedback of employees as well as customers (Benn et al. 2014.) If customers are happy with the service then the change is said to have a positive impact. Result also depends on the feedback of employees. If the employees are happy working with the organization then the change is said to have a positive impact. The main aim of the change is to increase productivity and profit and to reduce the pressure on employee by adopting new form of technologies. Conclusion Change in organization is necessary. It is essential for the organization to handle these changes efficiently in order to create a positive impact. Effective communication is necessary to handle the business efficiently. Fastrack courier service needs lot of improvement as the market share of company is low compared to its competitors. The organization faces various risks such as late delivery and misplacement of the product. References Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Broadbent, D.E., 2013.Perception and communication. Elsevier. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=ZCOLBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=Broadbent,+D.E.,+2013.+Perception+and+communication.+Elsevier.ots=sGOqj5lHENsig=MqQw-x7-wWvXXfFfWTsdzZxGgnU#v=onepageq=Broadbent%2C%20D.E.%2C%202013.%20Perception%20and%20communication.%20Elsevier.f=false Burnes, B. and Cooke, B., 2013. Kurt Lewin's Field Theory: A Review and Reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ evaluation.International journal of management reviews,15(4), pp.408-425. Dey, P., Bose, A. and Hajare, S., 2015. ERP IMPLEMENTATION IN COURIER INDUSTRY. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Jung, K., Morris, K.C., Lyons, K.W., Leong, S. and Cho, H., 2015. Mapping strategic goals and operational performance metrics for smart manufacturing systems.Procedia Computer Science,44, pp.184-193. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Seuring, S. and Gold, S., 2013. Sustainability management beyond corporate boundaries: from stakeholders to performance.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, pp.1-6.

The aids crisis Essay Example For Students

The aids crisis Essay The AIDS CrisisAIDS is an epidemic that has been treated like every other plague in history. Because it is human nature to be afraid of what one cannot control, people are invariably afraid of disease and infection. Moreover, the fear is escalated many times over in that the disease starts controlling the person who it has infected. As a result, society as a whole ostracizes and black lists anyone and anything that is believed to be associated with the disease. Many people think the United States is home of the most modern and developed society in the world. Yet, this society remains flawed in that its reaction to disease mirrors that of medieval times. Although this a society that can build anything and go anywhere, the basic fears of mankind are almost entirely the same as the dark ages. We will write a custom essay on The aids crisis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is true that we are faced with bigger and uglier problems. However, we still try to find scapegoats for these problems instead of trying to understand them. Currently, the United States is trying to deal with the AIDS epidemic. However, that was not our initial reaction. When AIDS first reared its ugly head in the beginning of the 1980’s, Americans refused to acknowledge the problem. It was considered a problem of the homosexuals and therefore did not exist. This was the same attitude of the government and yet people were dying and more were getting sick. The word AIDS was like taboo in the whole United States. This attitude also prevented the government from getting involved sooner because the government generally works on public opinion. If government officials started to talk about what people did not want to hear (AIDS and homosexuals), than those officials were in danger of losing their jobs. Society in general was ignorant of AIDS. They did not know where it came from and how people acquired the disease. This not only added to their fears but put them in more danger. They lived in the middle of the sexual revolution and it was almost like a way of life for these people. Moreover, because they were ignorant, it put them in more danger of getting the disease. This ignorance was finally abated in 1986 when Dan Rather audaciously aired a broadcast on AIDS. As a result, many people learned the dangers of their actions and of AIDS. It changed the eighties by scaring people in a more positive way. It showed people that â€Å"normal† people like themselves could get the disease as easily as people with alternate life styles. For the most part, the world was shocked. Nobody ever thinks that something bad is going to happen to them. They always think it will happen to the next person or a bad person. Yet, people realized that the accepted life style during their time, the sexual revolution, was dangerous. The broadcast also tried to deal with the ostracizement of certain individuals because of general stereotypes that related their beliefs or lifestyles to the AIDS virus. However, human nature is not that easy to change. Although today people are much less ignorant about the disease and how it works, they still alienate people because of their fear. In some cases AIDS is an excuse to ostracize unwanted people whereas in other cases, people are generally afraid of acquiring the disease. Although they thoroughly understand the disease and how it spreads, there seems to be something in the backs of the minds of people that makes them alienate people. We recognize people by their specific traits. In the case of people with HIV, it seems that they are still tagged as HIV positives, even in this day and age, and not as the girl with the big green eyes or the boy who never stops smiling.

Instructional Leadership

Instructional Leadership Introduction In the last two decades, the world has witnessed the appearance of new theoretical models in the sphere of educational leadership. Two of the principal models, as evaluated by several empirical researchers, are instructional leadership and shared institutional leadership.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Instructional Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In contrast to former leadership models employed by school administration (i.e. contingency theory, trait theories, and situational leadership), shared instructional leadership model lends credence explicitly on way in which educational leadership (employed by teacher and school administrators) leads to improvement in educational outcomes (Hallinger, 2003, p.329). Instructional Leadership: Definition According to Hallinger (2003), instructional leadership lends credence on the role of school administrator (principal) in organizing, running , directing and developing instruction and curriculum in the school (p.331). To put it in another way, instructional leadership emphasizes on the unitary function of the school principal. The instructional leadership model emphasizes on three critical role of school principal: defining the mission of the school; administering the instructional program, and supporting a positive learning culture (Hallinger, 2003, p.332). Southworth (2002) also defines instructional leadership as that which â€Å"assumes that critical focus for attention by leaders is the behavior of teachers as they engage in activities directly affecting the growth of student† (2002, p.73). He further classifies two variants: the narrow type, which confines its focus on the behaviors of teacher to improve student learning; and the broader one which lends credence to other organizational aspects. He also states that principals alone cannot execute all of school’s requirements for instructional leadershi p. What’s more, for instructional leaders to be effective, they must promote curriculum development, staff development and value a blend of supervision (Southworth, 2002, p.75). Emergence of Instructional Leadership Instructional leadership model first appeared in 1980s following numerous studies on successful school management practices. These studies identified â€Å"strong, directive leadership focused on curriculum and instruction from the principal† as an attribute of elementary school in deprived urban society (Hallinger, 2003, p.329).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This leadership model influenced much of the thoughts on successful principal leadership publicized in early 1980s and 1990s globally. What’s more, instructional leadership was widely adopted by many principal leadership academies in the U.S. as the preferred model (Hallinger, 2003, p.330). Following the adoption of several school reforms in North America in the 1990s, practitioners and academicians started to give weight to terms such as transformational leadership, distributed leadership, teacher leadership, and shared leadership. The surfacing of these leadership models signaled a widespread displeasure with instructional leadership model. The discontentment with this model stemmed from the fact that it emphasized too much on the principal as the source of authority, power and knowledge (Hallinger, 2003, p.330). Evidence-Based Instructional Leadership The effectiveness of instructional leadership can also be gleaned from a study done by Blasà © and Blasà ©. The study interviewed 800 USA teachers about the attributes of their principals and how they affected their (teachers) performance. Three critical elements of successful instructional leadership emerged from this study: promoting teacher reflection; supporting professional growth of teachers; and speaking with teachers. These findings are linked to principals’ behaviors in terms of: broadening autonomy; praising results: and being visible (Southworth, 2002, p.75). Interaction seems to emerge as the main aspect of this study. Successful instructional leaders must realize that the most effective way for teachers to enlarge their teaching range is through a carefully designed curriculum and support system. According to the findings of the Blasà © and Blasà © study, school administrators require a wide range of expertise/knowledge to facilitate effective interaction with teachers. This include: classroom surveillance and data collection; reflective communication skills; and knowledge of the teachers’ stage of progress. Consequently, it appears that developing evidence-based approach to management, leadership and school improvement implies that school administration (especially principals) must develop their skills in managing data, teachers and the pupilsâ€℠¢ learning processes.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Instructional Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, this type of leadership style must be integrated into the school’s organizational processes and structure to enable academic institutions turn into a learning community (Southworth, 2002, p.75). The Role of Principals under Instructional Leadership Model The first role of school principals under this model is framing and communicating the goals of schools. Under this role, the principal needs to work with teachers to make sure that the school has transparent, quantifiable goals that promote academic development of students. The principal is mainly responsible for ensuring that these goals are extensively identified and sustained all through the school community. The second role, supervising instructional program, centers on the control and synchronization of curriculum and inst ruction. This role entails three leadership functions: coordinating the curriculum; controlling and assessing instruction; and examining progress of students (Hitchcock et al., 2002, p.9). The principal is required to be deeply engrossed in supervising the curriculum program. The third role, supporting a positive learning culture in school, entails a number of functions: safeguarding instructional time; supporting professional growth of teachers; offering inducements for teachers; upholding high visibility; and offering inducements for learning. This role is wide in terms of scope and target. It subscribes to the concept that successful schools produce an academic press via the development of high standards as well as a climate of uninterrupted improvement (Hallinger, 2003, p.333). It is thus the duty of the principal to harmonize the practices and standards of school with its mission and to produce a culture that sustains teaching and learning. Comparison between Instructional Lead ership with Emerging Roles Many schools rely on leadership structures to realize their academic goals. One way in which some principal have enhanced leadership capacity of their schools is by involving teachers in prolonged discussions and decision-making process on educational issues (Marks Printy, 2003, p.370). Although school principals are the main agents for change, they acknowledge that teachers are equal colleagues in this process by taking advantage of their expertise and knowledge. Instructional leadership model lends credence to the role of school principal as the key agent for formulating, implementing and supervising curriculum and instructions.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, shared instructional leadership stresses on the active partnership between principals and teachers on instruction and curriculum development. The principal, under this model, solicits for insight, ideas and knowledge of teachers in curriculum development and collaborates with them to achieve academic goals of the school. In other words, the principal and teachers partner in areas such as curriculum development, administration of instructional duties, as well as staff development. The principal’s role in shared instructional leadership model is thus not the solitary instructional manager but the â€Å"leader of instructional leaders† (Marks Printy, 2003, p.371). Instructional leadership considers the principal as the key source of educational knowledge. Under this model, the principal’s role is to sustain high expectations for students and teachers, coordinate the curriculum, manage classroom instruction and monitor academic progress of studen ts (Marks Printy, 2003, p.372). In contrast to the traditional concept of instructional leadership, shared instructional leadership is an all-inclusive model, friendly with knowledgeable and empowered teachers. Under this model, the principal provides resources and institutional support to teachers and maintains consistency and congruence of the academic program. The participation of teachers under shared institutional leadership model is both formal and informal. The principal thus assumes the role of an inspector of teacher expertise and a facilitator of teacher development (Marks Printy, 2003, p.375). However, there several leadership challenges that school principals are bound to encounter in the future. These include data management, resource scarcity and inadequate skilled staff. Conclusion Instructional leadership model was extensively adopted by many elementary schools in the US and commonly regarded as the model of choice. In the last two decades, the world has witnessed the appearance of new theoretical models in the sphere of educational leadership. Two of the principal models, as evaluated by several empirical researchers, are instructional leadership and shared institutional leadership. Shared instructional leadership model lends credence explicitly on way in which educational leadership (employed by teacher and school administrators) leads to improvement in educational outcomes. This model emphasizes on the collaboration between principals and teachers in issues such as curriculum development and assessment and implementation of the objectives of the schools. However, there are a number of leadership challenges that principals will encounter in the near future. It is thus important that principles possess communication and managerial skill to address any emerging issues in an effective way. References Hallinger, P. (2003). Leading Educational Change: Reflection on the Practice of Instructional and Transformational Leadership. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(3), 329-352. Hitchcock et al. (2002). Providing New Access to the General Curriculum. Teaching Exceptional Children, 35(2), 8-17. Marks, H.M., Printy, S.M. (2003). Principal Leadership and School Performance: An Integration of Transformational and Instructional Leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 39, 370-397. Southworth, G. (2002). Instructional Leadership in Schools: Reflections and empirical evidence. School Leadership and Management, 22, 73-91.

Advertisement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Advertisement Analysis - Essay Example The changing marketing trend over the past few years depicts that technology has contributed to increasing specificity and message conveyance through advertisements (Stuart 90-103). Advertising generally aims towards conveying the right kind of information to the public about a product at the right time and through the right medium. Pictorial advertisements convey multiple coded messages that forms a part of a brand’s marketing and advertisement strategies. Additionally, evaluation of pictorial advertisements effectively through encoding or decoding as well as sociological perspective of consumption and lifestyle helps in having a logical meaning about the message communicated (Stuart 90-103). Pictorial advertisement is an important mean of communicating information relating to products and/or services offered by an organisation to customers successfully. Pictorial advertisements aid in attracting customers towards products along with a brand. The target market also forms a vital aspect of the market communication process. For instance, advertisement for a sports car will gradually aim towards the younger generation rather than the older generation. Similarly, Apple phones being niche products gradually target high end customer rather than the mid range customers (Stuart 90-103). The product chosen is Taina (tea product). The brand wants to position the product on certain criteria and communicate related information to the customers in the form of pictorial representations. The detailed elaborations of these pictorial advertisement messages have been elaborated hereunder. Pictorial Description 1. The first pictorial description (refer to pictorial description 1 in the appendix), one can be state that the brand wants to position Taina tea product within the niche category. From the pictorial description, it can also be understood that the product represents itself as a necessary

Education and career goals for a scholarship Essay - 1

Education and career goals for a scholarship - Essay Example Hence, serve the global community better as an accountant in an area that I have passion in beside acting as a role model to young women. Many people in the community perceive accounting as a demanding career and by taking this challenge, I will encourage many young people to venture into this field. Additionally, women for long have been relegated to low-paying jobs in the service industry. For instance, waitressing and retail positions though this seems to be changing for the better and I would like to be a part of that shift. Therefore, it would be empowering to be among those intending to break the glass ceiling and assume strategic positions in the corporate sector. However, to be in a position to achieve these goals, I require a lot of support particularly financial. This is because my husband and I own a small business in Loveland whose net income is not even sufficient for us. We neither pay ourselves a salary nor do I have any other funding available from Stafford loans for my education. Hence, implying realizing my goals will be quite a challenge due to economic constraints, which we are experiencing. This is despite having searched relentlessly for organizations that would help me in achieving my academic goals. Therefore, based on my financial condition I believe that I deserve this scholarship opportunity. Since, I am hardworking, tenacious and always striving to succeed in every endeavor I undertake. Besides, I want to be a role model for other young women in my community. Therefore, awarding me this scholarship opportunity in your foundation will help me accomplish my educational and career goals. I look forward to your positive

Issue of importance, personal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Issue of importance, personal - Essay Example These organized crime groups try to legitimize their business as much as possible. These organized crime groups also bribe officials for their safety all over their vicinities (United States 2007; Finckenauer 2005). It was in the early twentieth century that organized crime started to emerge in United States. It is presumed that it was the Italian Mafia that entered the US in the very beginning. The immigrants who entered United States usually made their own ‘families’ and then fought with each other to cause problems for the civilians of the United States. It was then that the situation worsened and police officials entered the arena to wipe out the organized crime from United States. Organized crime in United States at first established themselves by pursuing illegal activities such as drug trafficking, prostitution, gambling and bootlegging. It was through these activities that organized crime established itself in the United States (Repetto 2004; US Congress 1968). Organized crime groups had their own methods and strategies to influence the government in such a way that the civilians did not even come to know. At the first instance the organized crime groups established legitimate businesses which would run as a cover for their illegal activities. Gambling and liquor trade gave them enough money to become millionaires from which they bribed the government officials who would then take sides of these crime groups. The government officials knew the power of these crime groups because of which they could not stand against them. The organized crime groups established power all over the states because of which they could influence the government in many ways (Repetto 2004; United States 2007). The post prohibition era is marked by the amendment in the constitution which legalized the liquor trade in United States. This came as blow to organized crime as many of them were dependent on

Development of Sustainable Dwellings in Wales

Development of Sustainable Dwellings in Wales This study focuses on the development of a sustainable retrofit plan for a typical dwelling in Wales. There are two parts that have been discussed in this report. The first section is a full development plan to reduce the fuel cost with a budget of  £30K and the second is a calculation of carbon footprint of a building element (wall insulation materials). The project was predicted to achieve 70% reductions in CO2 emissions for a cost of some  £26K.Furthermore, the energy cost would be reduced by 85% if the development plan was implemented in full. Stepwise approach has been used to measure the performance. Replacing the heating system and adding more insulation for the roof, walls and floor are considered the significant improvement of the project with reasonable payback periods. The embodied CO2 emission for three different insulation materials has been calculated. Rockwool has the lowest rate 833 kg co2e compared to 875, 1737 to the Sheeps wool and Expanded Polystyrene respectivel 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Introduction: Indeed, there is a huge pressure on governments to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Paris agreement, is a recent agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, was agreed to keep the global warming below 2 °C (1). British government aims to have an 80% reduction by 2050. This means a huge improvement is needed in energy efficiency of our existing dwelling. The recent report shows that over 45% of total greenhouse emissions were emitted from dwelling building (2).The domestic sector accounted for 29 % of the total energy consumption in 2015(3).Furthermore, residential was ranked the fourth in the amount of greenhouse gas emission according to national statistics(4) the figure below show the greenhouse gas emission by different sectors. Figure (1) Greenhouse gas emission by sector (DECC), UK, 2014 1.1.2 The property: This house was built in 1930s and has three bedrooms with South-West facing and located in Wales. The external walls are cavity wall with plaster but without any insulation, the floor has no insulation, the roof is slate tiles with 50mm insulation between the rafters. The windows are double glazed, with a 6mm air gap, PVC frames and with U value of 2.8.The doors are also PVC frame with U value of 2.8. The heating system is an old mains gas boiler with 65% efficiency, the capacity of hot water tank 120 litre. 1.1.3 Performance prior to refurbishment: This house has a SAP rating of 45, below the national average of 48 and therefore there is a need to improve its performance to achieve 80 % of reduction in emissions as well as the annual fuel cost. This could be achieved by reducing the heat loss through the walls, floor, roof as well as windows and doors. 1.2 Development plan There are two factors that are set to dramatically transform the way in which building was designed and fabricated in the early twenty-first century-insulation and energy. There is a need to maximise the insulation levels of the buildings while at the same time rethinking the ways in which building consumes the energy needed to run them. Step 1: Upgrading the heating system : Modern boilers are more efficient because they burn the fuel very efficiently. The fuel type also has a direct impact on reducing the fuel bill as well as carbon emissions. The condensing gas boiler (90% efficacy) with room thermostat is the best choice in this matter. Step 2: Insulating the roof, floor and walls: The challenge in adding insulation levels in domestics is to choose the right materials that fit for purpose. Understanding the properties of the materials and when it is suited to fitting in the attic space is essential. Moreover, price, fire safety, chemicals involved and end of life should also be considered when choosing the material (5). -Floor: Phenolic foam insulation would offer the best performance of any readily available panel (6). It also has less impact on room size where dry-lining is considered. Kingspans Kooltherm phenolic is the good option for floors. The designed U value for floor is 0.2 W/m2K. -Cavity wall insulation: Filling the cavity gap between the inner and outer blocks with appropriate insulation material has been considered. However, it is highly likely that insulating the cavity alone will not be enough to achieve the required U-values. For this reason, adding internal or external insulation should also be concerned to achieve the targeted U-value. The designed u value for injected insulation with external wall insulation (Rockwool) is 0.49 (W/m2K). -Roofs: mineral wool insulation is highly recommended for roof insulation, 160 mm is added between rafters and 100 mm below them. The designed U value in this case is 0.15 (W/m2K). Step 3: Minimising infiltration (disuse chimneys, draught proofing). Ventilation is needed in traditional buildings to help the fabric breathe. Chimneys would have contributed greatly to the ventilation rate, so it is advised, in some cases, that chimneys could to be left open to allow natural ventilation. However, disused chimney, if left fully open, will often cause more heat loss. It also can let water in, if it is uncapped. Some methods can be recommended: CAPS: a cap at the top of a chimney will prevent water ingress but allow through ventilation. However, caps can cause huge damage and be very dangerous if they blow off in case of windy weather. Balloons: is the quickest and cheapest way to close of a flue that is not being used, but it is awkward and dirty when removing and reinstalling them in place. Step 4: Reducing the energy consumption for lighting (LED). LED lighting is extremely energy efficient technology and has changed the future of lighting worldwide. The residential LED lighting use less 70% energy and last 25 times longer life (7). The value of lighting gain in the SAP calculation (67) was reduced by 70% of the original value. Step 5: Installing renewable sources (PV panel). The solar photovoltaic (PV) has many advantages that a householder can benefit from. The main benefit is to cut electricity bill as well as sell the left over electricity to the grid. Not to mention, the sunlight is free and that means nearly zero carbon footprint (8). It is advised the Monocrystalline system with 20% efficiency is required to generate around 2700kWh annually. This system requires 21 square meter roof space and makes saving around 12p/kWh from electricity bill. However, if a householder doesnt use the electricity produced, exported to grid or store it in batteries are the only two options available. The storage technology has been ignored because the cost and complexity with installing at dwelling. The exported tariff is 3.1 p/kWh, but this figure could be ignored as the power generated by the system would be absorbed by the site demand. Step 6: UPVC triple glazing windows The huge heating loss in domestics occurs through windows. There is a growing range in this area to improve the thermal performance of this element. Triple glazing is the best options that could be considered to achieve the reduction target. This element has an excellent U-value (one or less) which provide a decrease in energy consumption as well as reducing CO2 emissions. Step 7: UPVC high efficient door It is suggested that the original doors on the property, with a U-value of 2.8 W/m2.K, should be replaced with a high performance triple glazed door, reducing the U-value of the surface by 65%. 1.3 Alternatives options Other systems were also considered but rejected due to the cost-effectiveness as well as the project size. For example: Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR): is widely used for highly energy efficient buildings in the UK. However, the complexity to install and the high capital cost, the system was ignored. Under floor heating: is a modern technology that allows the householder to enjoy the luxury of the warm floor during the winter. In other hand, under floor system is pricey to install in retrofit house and more difficult to maintain if any problem occurs. Wind turbine: roof-mounted and freestanding mast wind turbines are two types that can be installed in the project. The micro wind turbine was rejected because the space limitation, the turbine noise and save the birds in the local area. 1.4 Analysis and evaluation SAP rating: the graph (1) illustrates the improvement of the SAP rating though the development plan. It is clearly seen that the property has been developed from 45.65 to over 90 and that means the house can achieve band B in the EPC. CO2 emissions rate: As it can be seen from the graph (2) below, a significant decrease in CO2 emissions though the development plan. The house would benefit of 70% reduction on CO2 emissions as the plan reduced CO2 emissions rate from 71.35 to below 22.77. Energy cost: The annual fuel cost has been reduced from  £1354 to below  £200 as graph (3) indicates. A reduction of 85% of annual energy bill will be achieved if the designed plan is implemented. The projects budget was  £30K; however, the full money spent in this plan is around  £26K. The simple payback method has been used for financial evaluation. The full plan will require 20 years to recover the cost of the project. The plan is designed in stepwise to achieve higher performance as well as keep the cost low as much as possible. The graph (4) shows that SAP rating improvement against the cost for each step. Replacing windows and doors would cost over  £7000 and  £1000 respectively; with having longer payback periods (graph 5), that took them to the end of the list. Note: Full data can be found in the appendix (table 3). Graph (1) SAP rating during the development plan Graph (2) CO2 emissions rate through the development plan Graph (3) Annual energy cost through the development plan Graph (4) SAP improvement vs. Cost Graph (5) Simple payback calculation for development plan 1.5 Conclusion The project will benefit significantly by replacing the heating system as well as adding more insulation for the roof, floor and walls. However, replacing windows the doors have slight effect on the house performance as it costs more with less benefit. Installing photovoltaic panels will make a huge impact on the project performance. It would make saving over 55% from the energy bill if 3 KWp panel was installed. 2.1 Introduction The thermal resistance provided by insulation materials used in the building fabric means that the energy savings from insulation made during the operation of the building far outweigh its embodied environmental impacts. Also, insulation products tend to have a very low density and, therefore, when reviewed in a building context, only relatively small masses of materials are used. However, if insulations are not assessed with a whole-building life-cycle approach they may not appear to be an inherently low environmental impact material, because of the resources and energy used during manufacture, the use of blowing agents and the lack of reuse/recycling at the end of life. This study will illustrate the environmental impact of three different types of insulation; it also provides the carbon footprint calculation for the project that was refurbished in the Part 1. 2.2 Literature survey The Green guide classifies the insulation used in the construction into: Non-renewable organic-based insulation such as expanded polystyrene (EPS); this material has conductivity 0.038 W/mK, density 37 kg/m3. It is a rigid, open cell form of polystyrene blown with pentane. EPS is a thermoplastic polymer, so can be reprocessed and recycled more easily than thermoset polymers. Most process waste is recycled but there is limited recycling of postconsumer packaging. Renewable organic plant/animal-derived insulation such as Sheeps wool insulation; it has conductivity 0.039 W/mK, density 25 kg/m3. The sheeps wool that is not suitable for textiles, is used for insulation. The wool needs to be scoured, requiring energy and water, and the resulting pesticide residue from the sheet dip needs treatment. Binders and polyester fibre are required, as well as chemical treatment to prevent moth attack. Mineral wool insulation such as Rockwool; is a medium density insulation product of 45 kg/m3 and has a thermal conductivity of 0.044 W/mK. Rockwool is made of 77% virgin raw material mainly in the form of diabase, gotland stone, lime stone, cement and bauxite. The remaining 23% are classed as waste materials. End-of-life issues for insulation Many insulation types are recyclable at end of life, but do not currently have any recycling system in place for material recovered from construction, refurbishment or demolition. There is evidence that some insulation waste from construction is incorporated elsewhere within the building, rather than being sent for disposal. For most materials, the impact associated with end of life is the disposal impact measured by BRE relating to the amount of material landfilled or incinerated. The BRE methodology also includes the emissions associated with incineration and landfill, including burning of landfill gas. For renewable materials, the end-of-life stage can have a significant impact if the sequestered carbon is released back into the environment through incineration or decay in landfill. Table (1) End-of-life waste destination (reference 11) Insulation End of life waste destination (%) Landfill Incineration Recycled Expanded polystyrene (EPS): 90 9 1 Sheeps wool 100 0 0 Rockwool 40 10 50 2.3 Carbon footprint calculation The construction carbon calculator is used to determine the environmental impact for insulation materials. This tool was downloaded from the governments website (12). CO2 emissions calculation: The table below shows the total amount of co2 emissions for the three types of insulation. Table (2) Carbon footprint calculation for EPS, Sheeps wool and Rockwool Reference Unit Expanded Polystyrene Sheeps wool Rockwool Wall area m2 110 110 110 Insulation thickness Assumption m 0.1 0.1 0.1 Volume of insulation m3 11 11 11 Density Ref (13) kg/m3 37 25 45 Mass kg 407 275 495 Waste 5% Assumption kg 427.35 288.75 519.75 Carbon coefficient Ref(14) kgco2/kg 3.43 2.09 1.12 Embodied CO2 kg co2e 1465.8105 603.4875 582.12 Boundary Ref(14) cradle to gate cradle to gate cradle to grave Transport of material Manufacturer website 200 miles from Kent by road 175 miles from Liverpool by road Non Transport Embodied CO2 kg co2e 19 19 0 Waste destination Ref(11) 90% landfill 100% landfill 50% landfill Waste mass kg 366.3 275 259.875 Waste Embodied CO2 kg co2e 3.19 3.48 1.7 Transport of waste Assumption miles 100 100 100 Transport waste Embodied CO2 kg co2e 0.2 0.2 0.2 Total waste Embodied CO2 kg co2e 3.39 3.68 1.9 Energy consumed Assumption Kwh 200 200 200 Plant CO2 emissions kg co2e 119 119 119 Project duration (days) Assumption 3 3 3 Travel CO2 emissions kg co2e 130 130 130 Total kg co2e 1737.2005 875.1675 833.02 2.4 Conclusion As it can be seen from the previews calculation, the highest embodied CO2 emission is Expanded Polystyrene because of the higher carbon coefficient and end-of-life issue. For that reason EP is out of consideration. Sheeps wool is natural source, absorbing and releasing moisture without decreasing its thermal insulating properties. However, it has more CO2 emissions than Rockwool which also take it out of thought. In addition to Rockwool has less embodied CO2 emissions, it has excellent thermal insulation with more flexibility to install. Mineral wool has also superior fire resistance as well as better acoustic properties. The Paris Agreement main page (2001) Available at: http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php (Accessed: 14 February 2017). DECC (2011), The Carbon Plan: Delivering Our Low Carbon Future, p.29. Department of Energy and Climate Change. Digest of United Kingdom energy statistics (DUKES). Available at: http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/ publications/dukes. Government Statistics (no date) Available at: http://4.https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/496942/2014_Final_Emissions_Statistics_Release.pdf (Accessed: 14 February 2017). Technology Strategy Board, 2014. Reducing energy use in existing homes, a guide to making retrofit work. RETROFIT FOR THE FUTURE, 1, 15. D Pickles, I Brocklebank C Wood, 2010. ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HISTORIC BUILDINGS: Open fires, chimneys and flues. nglish Heritage, 1, 17. LED Lighting | Department of Energy. 2017. LED Lighting | Department of Energy. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/led-lighting. [Accessed 15 February 2017]. R. Sadgrove S.Pester, 2014. Installation of photovoltaic panels on existing flat roofs some lessons learned. BRE Information Papers, IP 8/14, 7. SEI, Retrofitted Passive Homes, 2009. Retrofitted Passive Homes: Guidelines for upgrading existing dwelling in Ireland. Retrofitted Passive Homes, 1, 15. Shorrock L D and Utley J I. Domestic energy fact file 2003,BRE BR 457. Bracknell, IHS BRE Press, 2003. K Albury J Anderson , 2011. Environmental Impact Of Insulation . BRE TRUST, 2011. 10 Government Website. 2007. Construction Carbon Calculator. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/environment-agency/about/procurement. [Accessed 28 February 2017]. http://jablite.co.uk. 2016. Jablite EPS . [ONLINE] Available at: http://jablite.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Jablite-EPS.pdf. [Accessed 28 February 2017]. Sheep Wool Insulation Premium. 2016. Sheep Wool. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.sheepwoolinsulation.ie/products/premium_insulation_technical.asp. [Accessed 28 February 2017]. Prof.Hammond Jones, Prof.G and C, 2011. The Inventory of Carbon and Energy (ICE). 1st ed. UK: University of Bath Table (3) Full data of the development plan Current Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Overall Assignment Results Current New boiler Insulated Floor Insulated walls Insulated roof Minimising infiltration LED lighting PV panel UPVC Triple glazing UPVC door Dwelling volume (m ³) 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 223.6 Effective air change rate 1.2261 1.2261 1.2261 1.22614 1.2261 0.66878 0.6688 0.6688 0.66878 0.668784 Ventilation type 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d 24d Fabric heat loss (W/K ) 309.66 309.66 213.77 130.25 123.37 123.37 123.37 123.37 84.28 82.28 Total fabric heat loss (W/K ) 339.06 339.06 243.17 159.65 152.77 152.77 152.77 152.77 113.68 111.68 HLP (W/m ²K ) 4.2377 4.2377 3.2917 2.46769 2.3998 1.99406 1.9941 1.9941 1.60841 1.588676 Heat gains from water heating, (kWh) 1489.6 1489.6 1489.6 1489.65 1489.6 1489.65 1489.6 1489.6 1489.65 1489.648 Average Internal gains (W) 485.09 485.09 485.09 485.085 485.09 485.085 468.49 468.49 468.494 468.4936 Average Solar gains (W) 339.96 339.96 339.96 339.956 339.96 339.956 339.96 339.96 254.967 254.9673 Mean Internal temperature (C °) 17.534 17.534 18.063 18.6402 18.695 19.0535 19.043 19.043 19.3723 19.39251 Space heating requirement in kWh2/m2/year 203.94 203.94 160.8 119.082 115.45 91.3375 92.201 92.201 72.9319 71.72854 Efficiency of main space heating system 1 (in %) 0.66 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Efficiency of water heater 0.66 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Fuel for water heating, kWh 4281.2 3139.5 3139.5 3139.54 3139.5 3139.54 3139.5 3139.5 3139.54 3139.544 Electricity for pumps, fans and electric keep-hot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Electricity for lighting (calculated in Appendix L) 284.43 284.43 284.43 284.428 284.43 284.428 85.328 85.328 85.3283 85.32833 Energy saving/generation technologies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2700 -2700 -2700 Average Fuel costs (p) 8.335 8.335 8.335 8.335 8.335 8.335 8.335 9.306 9.306 9.306 Additional standing charges 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 Total energy cost 1354.5 1050.7 <

Mandatory Physical Education I :: essays research papers

Current high school students are becoming fatter, slower, and less motivated than past students. Many of these young people would prefer to be sitting passively in front of the television rather than to do something physically active. Most high school students believe they do not have sufficient time, opportunity or guidance to participate in physical activities. The ideal place in which students would be able to find adequate time, opportunity and guidance are in the high schools themselves. Politicians and educators responsible for the mandatory physical education program at the junior high school levels (grades eight to ten) should be applauded for this, but frowned upon for not enforcing it on senior high school students (grades 11 and 12). Physical Education is defined as â€Å"the process of education that develops the human body, specifically fitness and movement skills† (Baker, 1990, p. 14). This teaches students valuable skills that would be applicable to life, present and future. Students also learn how to work and interact with others to pursue goals in a way which academic subjects, such as mathematics and science, may not provide. Physical Education should be a requirement for all British Columbia high school students because it provides physical skills necessary for effective social functioning, offers educational value and teaches healthy habits reducing health risks. Opposition of mandatory Physical Education in high schools believe that if a student has not developed a desire for voluntary physical exercise by the time he or she reaches high school , he or she may not ever (Eberhardt). It is true that individuals should not be forced into something they don’t want to participate in, but if these students don’t get any exercise outside of school, where will they receive an appropriate amount of fitness? Paul Eberhardt, athletic director, intramural director and head coach of the McNair Marlins basketball team in Richmond, B.C., believes â€Å"that students don’t care about participating in P.E. anymore and we have to educate students on the benefits of Physical Education†. In the 1994-1995 school year there were 1,133 students enrolled at McNair High School but there were only four P.E. classes available, which meant approximately 120 students attended in these classes. The remaining 1013 grade eleven and twelve studen ts had no Physical Education at all. This is an astonishing figure. â€Å"Many students participate in sports and recreation activities outside of school, but most of them get hardly any exercise at all. Mandatory Physical Education I :: essays research papers Current high school students are becoming fatter, slower, and less motivated than past students. Many of these young people would prefer to be sitting passively in front of the television rather than to do something physically active. Most high school students believe they do not have sufficient time, opportunity or guidance to participate in physical activities. The ideal place in which students would be able to find adequate time, opportunity and guidance are in the high schools themselves. Politicians and educators responsible for the mandatory physical education program at the junior high school levels (grades eight to ten) should be applauded for this, but frowned upon for not enforcing it on senior high school students (grades 11 and 12). Physical Education is defined as â€Å"the process of education that develops the human body, specifically fitness and movement skills† (Baker, 1990, p. 14). This teaches students valuable skills that would be applicable to life, present and future. Students also learn how to work and interact with others to pursue goals in a way which academic subjects, such as mathematics and science, may not provide. Physical Education should be a requirement for all British Columbia high school students because it provides physical skills necessary for effective social functioning, offers educational value and teaches healthy habits reducing health risks. Opposition of mandatory Physical Education in high schools believe that if a student has not developed a desire for voluntary physical exercise by the time he or she reaches high school , he or she may not ever (Eberhardt). It is true that individuals should not be forced into something they don’t want to participate in, but if these students don’t get any exercise outside of school, where will they receive an appropriate amount of fitness? Paul Eberhardt, athletic director, intramural director and head coach of the McNair Marlins basketball team in Richmond, B.C., believes â€Å"that students don’t care about participating in P.E. anymore and we have to educate students on the benefits of Physical Education†. In the 1994-1995 school year there were 1,133 students enrolled at McNair High School but there were only four P.E. classes available, which meant approximately 120 students attended in these classes. The remaining 1013 grade eleven and twelve studen ts had no Physical Education at all. This is an astonishing figure. â€Å"Many students participate in sports and recreation activities outside of school, but most of them get hardly any exercise at all.

Mapping the Issue

Tammy Lin ENGL 1302 051 Brittain 5/11/12 Trimming the Fat of a Growing Problem Obesity is becoming a major problem to many Americans as well as many people around the world. Being the second cause of preventable death in the United States, obesity increases the risk of numerous adverse health problems including breast cancer, heart disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, colon cancer, stroke, and more. Obesity is defined as an excess proportion of total body fat, with a person being considered obese if his or her weight is twenty percent or more above normal body weight.A common way to measure obesity is by calculating the body mass index. An individual is considered overweight if his or her BMI is between twenty five and thirty, while a person is seen as obese if his or her BMI is over thirty. With that said, it has been estimated that sixty million Americans twenty years and older are obese, which makes up thirty percent of the adult population; meanwhile, nine million children and teenagers ages six to nineteen are overweight. The number of overweight and obese Americans has increased since 1960, a trend that shows no sign of slowing down.In this paper I will review three main positions regarding the issue of ways to approach the multiplying rate of obesity. First, there are those who advocate for the implementation of fat taxes. With the administration of taxes on unhealthy foods and drinks, this group believes that it will significantly discourage the consumption of such foods and will, in turn, promote healthy and responsible eating. Second, there are those who remain persistent in maintaining the privacy of one’s decision making concerning food intake.With the expansion of diverse kinds of food production, this group considers an individual’s food preference as unique, exclusive, and personal. Third, there are those who believe that lowering the costs of healthy foods will encourage the purchase of nourishing and health-benefiting foods. They embrace the belief that most people would eat healthier if the food was more affordable. The first position is the support of fat taxes. The people who stand in this position are those who are concerned with America’s public health issue today, especially the issues centering on obesity. Lisa Baertlin recently ublished an article on Reuters, an international news agency headquartered in the UK, entitled â€Å"Battle Lines Drawn over Soda, Junk Food Taxes† in response to the the wide-growing obesity epidemic today, with the proposition that fat taxes could help save individuals their health and money. She claims that taxes could help make up for the at least one hundred and forty seven billion dollars spent on treating diseases related to obesity and fund programs that battle for this issue. According to U. S. lawmakers, soda tax is one of the most probable sources that would most likely be used to tackle healthcare reform.In relativity to the taxing of cigarettes , these people believe that by taxing soda, it would also similarly reduce consumption and its revenue stream; by taxing more than ten percent for beverages, purchases would be cut down by eight to ten percent. According to a recent Thomson Reuters survey included within Baertlin’s article, â€Å"about fifty-eight percent of Americans are willing to bear a tax increase of one percent or more to support healthcare reform† (Baertlin 1), which proves that more than half of American citizens are willing to take a step forward for the promotion of a healthy nation.Writers like Baertlin sympathize with those who are in the center of the public health crisis today, specifically â€Å"overweight adolescents who are starting to suffer problems that used to plague middle-aged adults† (1). Baertlin herself is in favor of administering fat taxes and is certain that levies on fattening foods are an essential factor of any anti-obesity endeavor. The food industry plays a larg e part in the causes of obesity. Most food companies are culpable of false advertisement, which swallows consumers into their too-good-to-be-true trends.Journalist Karlee Weinmann contributed a piece to Business Insider concerning food companies’ false advertisement. In the article â€Å"14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions†, Weinmann states that for companies that cross the line to making false claims, it can cost millions of dollars, while also having to face public negativity. However, even with all this said, will companies modify their marketing policies for the greater good, or will they uphold their profits as far more important than a consumer’s right to know the truth?More than likely, most brands will continue to false advertise their products, which is why these people in this group believe that fat taxes are efficient in lowering consumption of soda and other health-stripping foods. According to Weinmann, â€Å"there’s a bi g difference between pushing the truth and making false claims. Is a product really ‘scientifically proven’, and are ‘results guaranteed’? † (Weinmann 1). Food brands such as Activia yogurt, Splenda, Kashi, and Eclipse gum have been caught with such false advertisement scandals; the more unhealthy the food really is, the more beneficial its company would make it seem.Writers like Weinmann identify with those who have been misled by deceitful food claims made by the companies they trusted. Therefore, supporters of fat taxes are certain that the implementation of fat taxes would solve these complications by creating more awareness and heedfulness when consumers purchase junk foods. The second position is the promotion of health education and that one’s food choice should not be hindered or influenced to reduce obesity. The people who stand in this position believe that an individual should have choices in the items he or she buy, and be guilt-fre e.In the article â€Å"Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Issue† published in International Journal of Preventive Medicine†, writer Amar Kanekar states that the main cause of childhood obesity in today’s public health crisis in both developed and underdeveloped countries is because of the disproportion between the child’s caloric intake and the calories effectively used for growth/development and physical activities. To these people, what we eat is not the sole reason of the cause of obesity; genetic, behavioral, and environmental are all constituents of childhood obesity.Moreover, many health-related risks are present when a child is obese; negative body-image and low self-esteem inevitably result in psychological and social issues. Cardiovascular disease, increased cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure are all possible potential health risks involved and that there is, indeed, â€Å"preventive programs that help regulate obesity by educatin g individuals about healthy nutrition and diseases† (Kanekar 2). According to a report presented from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, in the years of 2007-2008, there was an estimation that â€Å"16. % of children and adolescent in the age group of 2-19 years were obese†¦The data collected for the same period shows that the adolescent (age group 12-19 years) obesity has increased from 5. 0 to 18. 1%† (2). By letting people know about health hazards and the importance of physical exercise, the chance of obesity could greatly decrease. Those who are pro-food-choice would side with Kanekar in that they believe there should not be any direct government intervention with food costs, but that there should be a public informing of the effects commonly eaten unhealthy foods would result in.Kanekar, Baertlin, and Weinmann all believe that the prevalence of obesity seen in children and adults is increasing and that some form of action must be done. While th ese writers see and support the benefits of the reduction of junk food intake, Kanekar is more focused on declaring health education, with the hope of lowering BMI and the rate of weight gain. All three authors recognize the importance of lowering consumption of fatty foods, but the position here does not endorse the advocating of fat taxes. The third position is lowering the costs of healthy foods.The people who stand in this position believe that by decreasing the costs of healthful foods sold, there would be a habit shift in the people’s purchases of fatty foods to foods that are much more nutritional. Journalist Katherine Bauer published an article entitled â€Å"Price and Availability Matter† in Room for Debate, a running commentary by outside contributors from The New York Times, where she states the â€Å"lack of access to high quality, reasonably priced fruits and vegetables and other healthful foods has been associated with poorer diets and, in many cases, hi gher risk for obesity.This is especially true among lower-income individuals whose purchasing habits are more sensitive to the cost of food† (Bauer 1). There is strong evidence that shows a clear impact between change in food access and the pricing on one’s purchasing habits. For example, there are programs that decrease the cost of healthier foods, which resulted in the increased purchasing of the healthier foods. Cheaper prices on healthy foods reduce one’s weight, even if the cost of junk foods remains the same price. A news report conducted from the USDA observed the BMI of children and how it changed in correlation to food prices.It was shown that â€Å"if the price of 100% juice decreases 10%, BMIs decreased . 3%. The same process works for lowfat milk (. 35% decrease) and dark, leafy vegetables (. 28% decrease)† (2). Moreover, Bauer identifies with those who receive low-income and struggle with the purchase of healthy foods, and also with those who believe that it is not only the wealthy that ‘deserve’ the most benefits from the healthy aisles in the food market. Bauer’s views is relatively similar with Baertlin, Weinmann, and Kanekar, in that public attitudes towards obesity and obesity policy should be given much more ttention than it is now, but Bauer herself has a different approach in this matter, especially from Kanekar. She believes that health education may not be sufficient enough to cause a significant awareness in individuals that junk foods should no longer be habitually purchased. Instead, she considers the perspective that by lowering healthy foods, there would be an effective overall change in the nation’s weight and BMI and that the idea would more readily fit within one’s budget.Works Cited Page Baertlein, Lisa. â€Å"Battle lines drawn over soda, junk food taxes. † Reuters [Los Angeles] 1 Sept 2009, n. pag. Print. Katherine, Bauer. â€Å"Price and Availability Matter. † New York Times. (2011): 1-2. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Kanekar, Amar. â€Å"Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Issue. † Int J Prev Med. (2011): 2. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Weinmann, Karlee. â€Å"14 False Advertising Scandals That Cost Brands Millions. † Business Insider. (2011): 1-2. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. <www. businessinsider. com>.

The World around Me Essays

The World around Me Essays The World around Me Essay The World around Me Essay Express classif you could do a two page summary of the basic worldview and convictions of Indigenous culture and elision typed to be turned in on TuesdayNOT more than two pagesyou should be able to get the big picture from chapter two and the powering presentation. I will see you on Tuesday. Have a great weekend. Dry. Jacobs Introduction Seventeen years ago, I came bounding into a world of love and laughter. I was the first child, the first grandchild, the first niece, and the primary focus of my entire extended family. Although they were not married, my parents were young and energetic and had every good intention for their new baby girl. I grew up with opportunities for intellectual and spiritual growth, secure in the knowledge that I was loved, free from fear, and confident that my world was close to perfect. And I was the center of a world that had meaning only in terms of its effect on me what I could see from a height of three feet and what I could comprehend with the intellect and emotions of a child. This state of innocence persisted through my early teens, but changed dramatically in the spring of my sophomore year of high school. My beloved father was dying of AIDS. First Body Paragraph Topic/Transition Sentence: From the moment my parents told me, I confronted emotions and issues that many adults have never faced. Development of ideas related to the topic sentence (Signpost question addressed: values and philosophies) Death of a parent, and AIDS specifically, forced my view of the world and my sense of responsibility to take a dramatic turn. I had already accepted my fathers and acceptance related to his sexual preference. However, in this case I did not have the benefit of time to understand my fathers illness since he decided not to tell me until he had developed full-blown AIDS. My role in the relationship was suddenly reversed. End Sentence Where I had once been the only child of my single father, I was now the parent to the debilitated child. Second Body Paragraph Topic/Transition Sentence By the summer of my Junior year, I had rearranged the structure of my life; as my fathers illness progressed and he became increasingly incapacitated, he depended on me a great deal. Evidence of responsibility) Each morning before school I took him to the hospital where he received blood ruminations or chemotherapy to treat the lymphoma that was destroying his body. After school, I raced home to complete my homework so that I could later go to his apartment. There I cooked meals, cleaned up, and administered his oral and intravenous medications. Working with Avis became second nature to me. I found myself famili ar with the names of drugs like Cytokine, used to treat CM, Unpaged, to raise ones white blood cell count, and literally countless others. I came home each night after midnight, yet the fatigue I felt hardly touched me; I was no longer seeing wrought my own eyes, but through my dads. I felt his pain when he was too sick to get out of bed. And I hurt for him when people stared at his bald head, a result of chemotherapy, or the pencil-thin legs that held up his 65 frame. I saw the end he was facing, the gradual debilitation the disease caused, the disappointment he endured when people were cruel and the Joy he experienced when others were kind. End sentence I saw his fear, and it entered my life. Third Body Paragraph Topic/Transition sentence My father died on July 28, 1995. Accomplishment) In the last year of his life, I was given the greatest gift I will ever receive: the gift of deep experience. I am now able to recognize the adversity that accompanies any good in life. My father taught me about loyalty, love and strength. But most importantly, he gave me the opportunity to see through his eyes, triggering a compassion in me and a sense of responsibility to those I love and the world around me that I might not have otherwise discovered. Not a day will ever go by when I wont miss my father, but I am so grateful for the blessing of his life. Conclusion Widen the lens beyond the topic at hand and tie up the essay With this compassion and experience comes an even greater responsibility. Luke 12:48 tell us To whom much is given, of him will much be required. As I move forward in my life, it is my hope that I can begin to see other people from two vantage points: theirs and mine. By doing this, I will begin to understand that with my every position or emotion there may be someone else standing at an equally valid, yet possibly opposite point. And that life, for them, has a different hue.